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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2020Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy occupies a specific spot across the field of bioscience and related disciplines. Its characteristics and application potential differs... (Review)
Review
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy occupies a specific spot across the field of bioscience and related disciplines. Its characteristics and application potential differs from infrared (IR) or Raman spectroscopy. This vibrational spectroscopy technique elucidates molecular information from the examined sample by measuring absorption bands resulting from overtones and combination excitations. Recent decades brought significant progress in the instrumentation (e.g., miniaturized spectrometers) and spectral analysis methods (e.g., spectral image processing and analysis, quantum chemical calculation of NIR spectra), which made notable impact on its applicability. This review aims to present NIR spectroscopy as a matured technique, yet with great potential for further advances in several directions throughout broadly understood bio-applications. Its practical value is critically assessed and compared with competing techniques. Attention is given to link the bio-application potential of NIR spectroscopy with its fundamental characteristics and principal features of NIR spectra.
Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Glucose; Humans; Oxygen; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 32604876
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122948 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Apr 2015In Spain, nearly 14% of the population is diabetic, 95% corresponds to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Poor glycemic control increases morbidity and mortality. There... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
In Spain, nearly 14% of the population is diabetic, 95% corresponds to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Poor glycemic control increases morbidity and mortality. There are three pillars in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: diet, medication and exercise. However, the potential for prescribing exercise training has not been fully exploited.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the effect of different exercise modalities (AE, RT, Combo, HIIT) on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
METHODS
The reserch was performed in 3 electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Proquest), including publications from 2011 to the present, publications undertaking interventions with AE, RT, Combo or HIIT, and those that measured capillary glucose, CGMS or HbA1c.
RESULTS
Of the 386 articles found, 14 met the inclusion criteria. These items were classified according to exercise intervention modality (AE, RT, Combo, HIIT) and whether glycemic control was measured as a result of continued training or 24-48h post-workout.
CONCLUSIONS
EA, RT, Combo and HIIT show efficacy in glycemic control in both the continuous training and 24-48h post-training. To achieve certain benefits in glycemic control, prescribing a structured frequency, volume and intensity training is required. Combo is the modality that gets better results through continued training.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Humans
PubMed: 25795929
DOI: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.4.7907 -
International Heart Journal 2020
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans
PubMed: 32727998
DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-417 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Sep 2022The possibility to estimate glucose value from voice would make a breakthrough in diabetes treatment: namely, remove the delay in the nonintrusive instantaneous blood... (Review)
Review
The possibility to estimate glucose value from voice would make a breakthrough in diabetes treatment: namely, remove the delay in the nonintrusive instantaneous blood glucose estimation, relieve medical budgets and significantly improve wellbeing of diabetics. In this review, different approaches have been described and systematized, in order to provide an objective snapshot of the state of the art. Since nonintrusive glucose estimation is notoriously difficult, we included a Transparence and Reproducibility Score aimed at revealing the biases in the primary research articles. The review is completed with the discussion on future research pathways.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Voice
PubMed: 33041176
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.08.034 -
Oncotarget Jul 2017The question of whether elevated blood glucose is a risk factor for liver cancer has been intensively studied, yet with inconsistent results. To explore the relationship... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The question of whether elevated blood glucose is a risk factor for liver cancer has been intensively studied, yet with inconsistent results. To explore the relationship between blood glucose concentration and risk of liver cancer, we conduct a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Literature search was comprehensively performed using database of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library through October 2016. Random-effect models were used to combine the effect estimations. Eight articles containing ten studies with a total of 1975 liver cancer cases were included. The pooled RRs demonstrated that elevated fasting blood glucose was associated with increased risk of liver cancer (combined RRs: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.46, 2.13) with mild heterogeneity (I2 = 30.40%, P = 0.17). In sensitivity analysis, the pooled result remained significant (combined RRs: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.59; I2 = 33.90%, P = 0.16) when we restricted blood glucose categories in the range of nondiabetic subjects. We also detected a J-shaped non-linear dose-response relationship between blood glucose concentration and risk of liver cancer. There is evidence that elevated blood glucose increases risk of liver cancer across the range of prediabetes and diabetes. Considering the rapidly increasing prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes, controlling blood glucose may lower the risk of liver cancer.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28432278
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16816 -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022Frequent measurement of blood glucose concentration in diabetic patients is an important means for diabetes control. Blood glucose monitoring with noninvasive detection...
Frequent measurement of blood glucose concentration in diabetic patients is an important means for diabetes control. Blood glucose monitoring with noninvasive detection technology can not only avoid the pain of patients and eliminate the harm of some biological materials for measuring glucose in vivo but also improve the frequency of detection, so as to control blood glucose concentration more closely. Traditional blood glucose detection methods are invasive and have some limitations. In this study, the significance of noninvasive blood glucose testing was analyzed and was pointed out that noninvasive blood glucose testing can monitor the blood glucose concentration of patients and relieve the pain of patients. Then, this study analyzed the spectral detection methods of noninvasive blood glucose, including conservation of energy metabolism, near infrared spectroscopy, and other spectral detection methods. Finally, this study made a comprehensive analysis of the domestic and international clinical application of noninvasive glucose spectrum monitoring and summarized the clinical application status of noninvasive glucose spectrum monitoring.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose; Humans; Pain
PubMed: 35178236
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8325451 -
Journal of Diabetes Science and... Sep 2016In general, patients with diabetes performing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can strongly rely on the accuracy of measurement results. However, various factors... (Review)
Review
In general, patients with diabetes performing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can strongly rely on the accuracy of measurement results. However, various factors such as application errors, extreme environmental conditions, extreme hematocrit values, or medication interferences may potentially falsify blood glucose readings. Incorrect blood glucose readings may lead to treatment errors, for example, incorrect insulin dosing. Therefore, the diabetes team as well as the patients should be well informed about limitations in blood glucose testing. The aim of this publication is to review the current knowledge on limitations and interferences in blood glucose testing with the perspective of their clinical relevance.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 27044519
DOI: 10.1177/1932296816641433 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2022No previous studies have quantified tear glucose (TG) levels in dogs or compared changes in TG and blood glucose (BG) concentrations.
BACKGROUND
No previous studies have quantified tear glucose (TG) levels in dogs or compared changes in TG and blood glucose (BG) concentrations.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify TG concentration and evaluate its correlation with BG level in dogs.
METHODS
Twenty repetitive tests were performed in alternate eyes of four dogs, with a minimum washout period of 1 week. Tears and blood were collected at 30-min intervals with successive glucose injections (1 g/kg) every 30 min. Cross-correlations of BG and TG levels were assessed. The delay and association between TG and corresponding BG levels were analysed for each dog; samples were collected at 5-min intervals. The tears were collected using microcapillary tubes. Collected tears and blood were analysed for glucose concentration using a colorimetric assay and commercially available glucometer, respectively.
RESULTS
The average baseline BG and TG levels were 4.76 ± 0.58 and 0.39 ± 0.04 mmol/L, respectively. Even with highly fluctuating BG levels, a significant cross-correlation coefficient (r = 0.86, p < 0.05) was observed between changes of BG and TG levels. The delay time between BG and TG levels was 10 min. On average, BG levels were 16.34 times higher than TG levels. There was strong correlation between BG and TG levels (r = 0.80, p < 0.01). Significant differences in TG concentrations between normoglycaemia, mild hyperglycaemia, and severe hyperglycaemia were found (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Canine TG concentrations have not been quantified previously. Our findings suggest preliminary data for future research on TG levels in dogs and show TG measurement could be used to screen for diabetes mellitus in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Glucose; Hyperglycemia; Tears
PubMed: 35305285
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.788 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2019Diabetic patients need long-term and frequent glucose monitoring to assist in insulin intake. The current finger-prick devices are painful and costly, which places... (Review)
Review
Diabetic patients need long-term and frequent glucose monitoring to assist in insulin intake. The current finger-prick devices are painful and costly, which places noninvasive glucose sensors in high demand. In this review paper, we list several advanced electromagnetic (EM)-wave-based technologies for noninvasive glucose measurement, including infrared (IR) spectroscopy, photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, and microwave sensing. The development of each method is discussed regarding the fundamental principle, system setup, and experimental results. Despite the promising achievements that have been previously reported, no established product has obtained FDA approval or survived a marketing test. The limitations of, and prospects for, these techniques are presented at the end of this review.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Electromagnetic Radiation; Humans; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 30866459
DOI: 10.3390/s19051151 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2016Glucose concentration in the blood stream is a critical vital parameter and an effective monitoring of this quantity is crucial for diabetes treatment and intensive care... (Review)
Review
Glucose concentration in the blood stream is a critical vital parameter and an effective monitoring of this quantity is crucial for diabetes treatment and intensive care management. Effective bio-sensing technology and advanced signal processing are therefore of unquestioned importance for blood glucose monitoring. Nevertheless, collecting measurements only represents part of the process as another critical task involves delivering the collected measures to the treating specialists and caregivers. These include the clinical staff, the patient's significant other, his/her family members, and many other actors helping with the patient treatment that may be located far away from him/her. In all of these cases, a remote monitoring system, in charge of delivering the relevant information to the right player, becomes an important part of the sensing architecture. In this paper, we review how the remote monitoring architectures have evolved over time, paralleling the progress in the Information and Communication Technologies, and describe our experiences with the design of telemedicine systems for blood glucose monitoring in three medical applications. The paper ends summarizing the lessons learned through the experiences of the authors and discussing the challenges arising from a large-scale integration of sensors and actuators.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Blood Glucose; Humans; Internet; Monitoring, Physiologic
PubMed: 27886122
DOI: 10.3390/s16121983